The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of energy. It states that the change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system is equal to the heat added to the system (Q) minus the work done by the system (W). Mathematically, this is expressed as:

. Unlike Thermodynamics 1, which primarily covers ideal gases and basic laws, this volume delves into real-world systems like steam power plants and refrigeration cycles. Core Topics and Content Properties of Pure Substances (Steam)

: Comprehensive solutions for the Rankine cycle (including reheat and regenerative stages), Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles .