Reviewed by: [Your Name/Role, e.g., Veterinary Student / Behavior Technician / Animal Scientist]
Veterinary medicine is inherently stressful for animals. Fear, anxiety, and stress (FAS) compromise both patient welfare and clinical accuracy. A struggling, terrified patient is not only dangerous to handle but will also yield abnormal physiological readings (elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels), potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Reviewed by: [Your Name/Role, e
: Understanding defensive behaviors, particularly during handling (e.g., in donkeys or fearful dogs), is essential for safety and ensuring accurate clinical exams. 3. Clinical Animal Behavior as a Specialty Reviewed by: [Your Name/Role