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Introduction

Cultural norms strongly influence parental practices, but the trend in many high‑income nations is moving toward legal prohibition and public‑health messaging that discourages physical discipline.

Provides a framework that encourages states to protect children from all forms of physical or mental violence.

Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539-579.

Straus, M. A., Beatty, D. C., & Fauchard, A. (1999). Child abuse and neglect: A review of the evidence. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 133-154.