: The "exit door" for traffic leaving a local network.
Note: You don’t need to memorize CIDR calculations for most levels—just ensure IPs are within the network range defined by the mask.
Given network 172.16.0.0/16 , divide into 4 equal subnets. /18 subnets: 172.16.0.0/18 , 172.16.64.0/18 , 172.16.128.0/18 , 172.16.192.0/18
Before you start, memorize this formula. It is the key to solving every exercise: